5 must-do Spring beekeeping tasks for a healthy and successful hive

Spring beekeeping isn’t just about installing or opening the hive. It’s about truly understanding what your colony needs to survive and thrive!

Whether you are starting your first season of beekeeping this Spring or it’s your 10^th one, you’re thinking a lot about the season ahead. The arrival of spring brings new life and the important resource-bearing plants that bloom. It is an exciting time of year, but especially for the colony and beekeepers.

But a good beekeeper is a beekeeper with a plan!

Having well-considered and informed priorities this spring can make a HUGE difference in the health and productivity of your colonies, all season long.

Want to feel ready to confidently take on the 2025 beekeeping season? Pay close attention to the 5 concerns below, and you’ll be well on your way to a great season!

1. Nutrition & Colony Health

Even in warmer climates, the winter months can be hard on honeybees. The first concern of beekeepers completing hive inspections in the spring should be assessing the health and size of the surviving colony. This means checking in-hive conditions and assessing their remaining food stores.

As colonies approach times of explosive growth and as the queen starts laying again, low pollen or honey stores can spell trouble. Access to new resources is particularly important but can be a challenge.

The mere presence of blooming flowers is just half of the equation. Foraging workers must also be able to get to and return from those resources. And, when it’s another rainy or windy spring day, that might not be possible.

The growth of the colony can be truly amazing, especially for the new beekeeper who may not have the awareness of what is to come. And every egg laid needs in-cell nourishment and will eventually become one more eager mouth to feed!

With potentially tens of thousands of new bees in a very short time there can be a race, of sorts, between the need to successfully forage and the huge number of extra bees in the colony.

While you’re in the hive, be sure to assess overall colony health, too. Look for signs of common springtime concerns like Nosema and chalkbrood*, small hive beetles and Varroa mites. Catching potential health problems as early in the season as possible will make them much easier to manage and help your colony go from struggling to thriving.

*Colony member content.

2. Ventilation and Moisture Control

As spring temperatures rise, trapped moisture inside the hive can create real risks for your bees. When the moisture condenses, it can drip onto bees and brood, chilling the colony and causing unnecessary levels of stress.

To keep moisture levels in check, ensure your hive has adequate ventilation to help bees maintain proper conditions.

Adding airflow can be as easy as adjusting entrance reducers, adding a screened inner cover and/or bottom board, or making and adding a quilt box.

3. Brood Pattern & a Viable Queen

As the activities of the colony goes into overdrive and as warmer weather returns, it’s important to check that the queen has survived the winter and that she is rapidly returning to her egg-laying best!

Check early that there is a healthy, laying queen present within your beehive. Pay close attention to each frame in the brood nest and inspect the brood pattern*.

*Colony members can access our lesson on brood patterns and queen viability here.

Do you see any newly laid eggs, and if not, does the rest of the brood pattern overall look healthy?

Actually SEEING the queen isn’t essential. Experienced beekeepers like to see their queen - they appreciate her so much! But they also understand that what they really need to see during the inspection is evidence of the queen.

If you don’t see the queen conducting her business during an inspection (she can be tough to spot!), seeing eggs should at least help you feel a little better about the situation. Seeing single eggs far down inside cells will indicate that a queen was present in the hive within the last 3 days.

Those are some pretty beautiful freshly laid eggs inside of newly drawn comb!

While a marked queen or lighted magnifying glasses are popular options for increasing queen visibility to the beekeeper, a quality brood pattern is the most important observation during an inspection.

Knowing and understanding the reproduction cycle of honeybees and the development timelines from egg to adult bee is essential to successful beekeeping, no matter the season.

4. Hive Capacity

As mentioned, increasing temperatures and new blooms start to allow bees to bring in LOTS of nectar and pollen. Under these circumstances, and with a productive queen, the colony will expand rapidly.

Bees will not only need space to store the resources coming into the hive, but also for the queen to lay eggs and raise brood, too.

A colony that feels it does not have enough space may develop the need to swarm and find a new home. Swarming is natural for honeybees, but losing bees and a queen early in the season can set your hive back.

To avoid hive capacity issues, always ensure you have extra brood boxes, supers, and frames on hand, ready to quickly add to your beehive setup when needed.

Being able to stay ahead of growth and offer space to expand, without having too much space to keep warm when temperatures are still cold, can lessen the stress on bees, allowing them a great head start on a productive season.

5. Foraging Resource Availability and Feeding

Even if your colony seems healthy, with a strong and productive queen, bees still need access to reliable and valuable food sources. Even strong colonies need reliable spring forage-but early blooms aren’t guaranteed. Some regions and climates offer abundant blooms of all types, while others may have gaps before the nectar flow truly kicks off.

So, how can a beekeeper help? Keeping ahead of the additional demand is essential, and the installation of a feeder can play a key role.

Consider adding a feeder with either pollen or sugar syrup to supplement the nutrition available to the colony, until more natural foraging sources are available.

And remember - all beekeeping is local. Though many aspects of beekeeping are relevant for all beekeepers, the local environment is an essential factor. Be aware of these, each year and every year.

Talk to beekeepers in your community about local bloom cycles and weather patterns. Take notes of what you’re seeing in and around the bee yard, too.

In Summary…

Early Spring planning is a wonderful way to prepare for beekeeping success all year. Starting the beekeeping season by making sure to understand your colony’s current situation, health status, and both their immediate and future needs can make all the difference in their growth and productivity all year long.

Take good notes. Pay close attention to what’s happening in and around the hive. Plan ahead for each key stage of the beekeeping season. And have a clear plan for each inspection, too.

Follow these principles and you are well on the way to healthy bees and a successful season.

We’ll BEE here with you along the way to help answer your questions and provide guidance.

Wishing you and your colony a calm, happy, buzzing, and productive beekeeping season ahead!